- 자료유형
- 단행본
- ISBN
- 8970321888(Vol.1) 93360\15000
- ISBN
- 8970321896(Vol.2) 93360\15000
- 언어부호
- 본문언어 - eng본문언어 - kor
- KDC
- 369.42-4
- 청구기호
- 369.42 D755ㅈ
- 서명/저자
- (조익제 변호사와 함께 영어로 읽는)미국법 입문 / Alexander Do¨rrbecker ; Oliver Rothe [공원저] ; Ikze Cho 편저. Vol.1 - Vol.2
- 발행사항
- 서울 : 법영사, 2009
- 형태사항
- 2책 ; 26 cm
- 서지주기
- 색인 수록
- 내용주기
- 완전내용Vol.1 : 헌법과 계약법 = The constitutional law and the law of contracts / Vol.2 : 매매법, 불법행위법, 회사법 및 절차법 = The law of sales, torts, business associations and procedural questions
- 키워드
- 미국법 변호사 영어 미국법 US AMERICAN LEGAL SYSTEM KOREAN LAWYER LAW 헌법 계약법 매매법 불법행위법 회사법 SALE TORT BUSINESS CONSTITUTIONALLAW CONTRACT
- 기타저자
- Rothe, Oliver
- 기타저자
- 조익제
- 기타서명
- 헌법과 계약법
- 기타서명
- Constitutional law and the law of contracts
- 기타서명
- 매매법, 불법행위법, 회사법 및 절차법
- 기타서명
- Law of sales, torts, business associations and procedural questions
- 기타저자
- 뒤벡커, 알렉산더
- 기타저자
- 로세, 올리버
- 기타저자
- Cho, Ik-ze
- 가격
- \30000(전2권)
- Control Number
- maf:24767
소장정보
서가번호 | 등록번호 | 청구기호 | 소장처 | 대출가능여부 | 대출정보 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0018021 | 369.42 D755ㅈ v.1 | 농림축산식품부 자료실 | 대출가능 | |||
0018022 | 369.42 D755ㅈ v.2 | 농림축산식품부 자료실 | 대출가능 |
* 대출중인 자료에 한하여 예약이 가능합니다. 예약을 원하시면 예약버튼을 클릭하십시오.
008090827s2009 ulk 001a kor
020 ▼a8970321888(Vol.1)▼g93360▼c\15000
020 ▼a8970321896(Vol.2)▼g93360▼c\15000
0410 ▼aeng▼akor
056 ▼a369.42▼24
090 ▼a369.42▼bD755ㅈ
1001 ▼aDo¨rrbecker, Alexander
24520▼a(조익제 변호사와 함께 영어로 읽는)미국법 입문▼dAlexander Do¨rrbecker▼eOliver Rothe [공원저]▼eIkze Cho 편저▼nVol.1 - Vol.2
260 ▼a서울▼b법영사▼c2009
300 ▼a2책▼c26 cm
504 ▼a색인 수록
505 ▼aVol.1 : 헌법과 계약법 = The constitutional law and the law of contracts / Vol.2 : 매매법, 불법행위법, 회사법 및 절차법 = The law of sales, torts, business associations and procedural questions
50710▼tIntro4uction to the US American legal system for Korean speaking lawyers and law students
653 ▼a미국법▼a변호사▼a영어▼a미국법▼aUS▼aAMERICAN▼aLEGAL▼aSYSTEM▼aKOREAN▼aLAWYER▼aLAW▼a헌법▼a계약법▼a매매법▼a불법행위법▼a회사법▼aSALE▼aTORT▼aBUSINESS▼aCONSTITUTIONALLAW▼aCONTRACT
7001 ▼aRothe, Oliver
7001 ▼a조익제
740 0▼a헌법과 계약법
740 0▼aConstitutional law and the law of contracts
740 0▼a매매법, 불법행위법, 회사법 및 절차법
740 0▼aLaw of sales, torts, business associations and procedural questions
90010▼a뒤벡커, 알렉산더
90010▼a로세, 올리버
90010▼aCho, Ik-ze
9500 ▼b\30000(전2권)
Part One: Basic Topics
Chapter One Classification and sources of English law
Ⅰ. Introduction = 1
Ⅱ. The classification of English law = 2
1. Private law and public law = 2
2. Civil law and criminal law = 2
3. Common law and equity = 4
Ⅲ. The sources of English law = 5
1. Legislation = 6
a) The supremacy of Parliament = 6
b) The statutory process = 7
c) Delegated legislation = 8
d) The interpretation of statutes = 9
2. Judicial precedents = l2
a) Absolute binding effect = 13
b) Distinguishing, approving and overruling precedents = 17
(aa) Distinguishing precedents = 17
(bb) Approving precedents = 18
(cc) Overruling precedents = 18
3. Custom = 19
a) General custom and usage = 20
b) Local custom = 20
c) Conventional custom = 21
4. Books of authority = 22
Ⅳ. Further reading = 23
Chapter Two The administration of the law
Ⅰ. Common law and equity = 25
1. Historical background = 25
2. The Common law = 26
a) Itinerant justices = 26
b) The common law courts = 26
c) The System of writs = 28
3. Equity = 30
a) The term = 30
b) The principles of equity = 31
(aa) History = 31
(bb) Rules of equity = 33
4. Further development of common law and equity = 36
Ⅱ. The modern organisation of the royal courts = 36
1. The inferior courts = 39
a) The County Courts = 39
b) Magistrates' courts = 41
2. The Superior Courts = 41
a) The Supreme Court of Judicature = 41
(aa) The High Court of Justice = 41
(bb) The Crown Court = 44
(cc) The Court of Appeal = 45
(dd) The House of Lords = 46
3. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council = 47
Ⅲ. Further reading = 49
Chapter Three The legal profession
Ⅰ. History = 50
Ⅱ. Barristers = 54
1. Development = 54
2. The Inns of Court = 54
a) Origin = 54
b) Organisation = 55
3. Education = 56
4. Fields of Activities = 58
Ⅲ. Solicitors = 59
1. Fields of activities = 59
2. Organisation = 60
3. Education = 61
Ⅳ. Judges = 62
1. Appointment = 63
2. Salaries = 64
3. Immunity = 65
4. Dismissal = 65
5. Function = 67
Ⅴ. Other personnel of English law = 69
1. The Attorney-General and the Solicitor-General = 69
2. The Director of Public Prosecutions = 69
3. Magistrates = 69
Ⅵ. Further reading = 70
Chapter Four How to find the law
Ⅰ. Law reports = 71
1. Introduction = 71
2. Law reporting = 72
a) Pre-1865 Reports = 73
b) "The modern period" (since 1865) = 75
3. How to use law reports = 77
Ⅱ. Statutes = 80
1. Statute collections = 80
2. Methods of citation = 81
Ⅲ. Further reading = 82
Part Two: Specific branches of law
Chapter Five Persons in law
Ⅰ. Introduction = 83
Ⅱ. Natural persons = 84
1. Unborn persons = 84
2. Infants and minors = 84
a) Minority and majority = 84
b) Rights and liabilities of minors under the civil law = 85
(aa) Law of contract = 85
(bb) Law of torts = 85
(cc) Property rights = 86
(dd) Litigation right = 86
(ee) Marriage = 86
(ff) Wills = 86
c) Miscellaneous rights and liabilities of minors outside civil law = 86
(aa) Voting = 86
(bb) Criminal law = 86
(cc) Passports = 87
(dd) Driving = 87
(ee) "Enjoyments" (civil liberties) = 87
3. Persons of unsound mind = 89
4. Bankrupts = 91
5. Aliens = 92
Ⅲ. Juristic Persons = 92
1. Corporations = 93
a) Corporation sole = 93
b) Corporation aggregate = 93
c) Creation of corporations = 94
(aa) By Royal Charter = 94
(bb) By specific statute = 94
(cc) By registration under the Companies Acts = 94
d) Effect of incorporation = 95
2. Unincorporated associations = 98
3. Partnerships = 98
4. Differences between corporations and partnerships = 99
a) Personality = 99
b) Management = 99
c) Contractual capacity = 99
d) Liability = 99
e) Profit = 99
f) Members = 99
g) Termination or dissolution = 100
5. Conclusion = 101
Ⅳ. Further reading = 101
Chapter Six The law of contract
Ⅰ. Introduction = 102
Ⅱ. Historical background = 102
Ⅲ. Contracts requiring a specific form = 105
1. Contracts which must be in writing = 105
2. Contracts which must be evidenced in writing = 105
3. Contracts which must be made by deed = 106
Ⅳ. Formation of the contract and consideration = 107
1. Offer = 108
a) Range of offerees = 108
b) Distinction between offer and invitation to treat = 109
c) Formulation and communication of an offer = 111
(aa) Formulation = 111
(bb) Communication = 111
d) Termination of an offer = 112
e) Revocation of an offer = 113
2. Acceptance = 114
a) Absolute and unqualified acceptance = 114
b) Communication of acceptance = 115
c) Prescribed method of acceptance = 116
d) Offer and acceptance by use of post = 117
3. Consideration = 118
a) Consideration must not be past = 119
b) Consideration must move from the promisee = 120
c) Consideration must be real, but need not be adequate = 121
d) Deficiencies of the doctrine of consideration = 123
e) Equity: The rule of promissory estoppel = 126
4. Intention to create legal relations = 131
a) Family or "domestic" agreements = 132
b) Advertisement = 134
c) Commercial and business agrements = 135
Ⅴ. Capacity to contract = 137
1. Infants/Minors = 138
a) Binding contracts = 138
(aa) Contracts for necessaries = 139
(bb) Contracts for the minor's benefit = 140
b) Voidable contracts = 141
c) Void (unenforceable) contracts = 143
2. Persons of unsound mind and dunks = 143
3. Corporations = 145
a) Introduction = 145
b) Kinds of corporation = 145
(aa) Chartered corporations = 145
(bb) Statutory corporations = 145
(cc) Registered (limited) companies = 145
c) The doctrine of ultra vires = 146
Ⅵ. The contents of contracts = 149
1. Introduction = 149
2. Terms and representations = 149
3. The kinds of terms = 150
a) Express terms = 150
b) Implied terms = 154
(aa) Terms implied by statute = 156
(bb) Terms implied by common law = 156
(cc) Terms implied by custom = 157
c) Conditions, warranties and innominate terms = 158
(aa) Conditions = 158
(bb) Warranties = 159
(cc) Innominate terms = 160
4. Exemption (or exclusion) clauses = 162
a) Exemption clauses at common law = 163
b) Exemption clauses and fundamental breach of contract = 166
c) Exemption clauses under the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 = 168
(aa) Scope of the UCTA = 168
(bb) Clauses rendered ineffective by UCTA = 169
d) Exemption clauses and reasonableness = 170
e) The unfair terms in consumer contract regulations 1995 = 173
Ⅶ. Simple (formless) contracts with mistakes and misrepresentations = 174
1. Miscellaneous = 174
2. Void and voidable contracts = 174
a) Mistake = 175
(aa) Mistakes as to the subject-matter = 176
(bb) Mistakes as to the existence of the subject-matter = 176
(cc) Mistakes as to the nature of the contractual document = 176
(dd) Mistake as to the identity of the other party = 177
b) Misrepresentation = 179
(aa) Fraudulent misrepresentation = 180
(bb) Negligent misrepresentation = 180
(cc) Innocent misrepresentation = 181
(dd) Silence as misrepresentation = 182
3. Unenforceable contracts = 183
Ⅷ. Duress and undue influence = 184
1. Duress = 184
2. Undue influence = 186
Ⅸ. Illegality and public policy = 188
1. Contracts forbidden by statute = 188
2. Contracts illegal at common law = 189
a) Contracts to commit a crime or tort = 190
b) Contracts to corrupt public lift = 191
c) Immoral contracts = 191
d) Contracts tending to impede the administration of justice = 192
e) Contracts of trade with the enemy = 193
f) Contacts in restraint of trade = 193
(aa) Contracts of employment = 193
(bb) Contracts for the sale of a business = 194
(cc) Solus agreements = 195
Ⅹ. Discharge of a contract = 196
1. Performance = 196
2. Agreement = 199
a) Discharge by deed and accord and satisfaction = 200
b) Discharge where neither side has performed = 200
c) Discharge on occurrence of specific events = 200
3. Breach = 200
4. Frustration (or impossibility) = 201
XI. Remedies for breaches of contract = 203
1. Damages = 203
2. Injunction = 206
3. Specific Performance = 207
4. Rescission = 208
XII. Privity of contract = 209
1. General rule = 209
2. Exceptions = 213
a) Action by a beneficiary under a trust = 213
b) Certain insurance contracts = 213
c) Negotiable instruments = 214
d) Price-maintenance agreements = 214
e) Assignment = 215
XIII. Further reading = 216
Index = 219
Chapter Four
Sales = 1
Part 1 : Introduction = 1
A. Subject Matter of Article 2 = 1
Ⅰ. Sale = 1
Ⅱ. Goods = 1
Ⅲ. "Goods" attached to realty = 2
B. Definitions = 2
Ⅰ. Merchants = 2
Ⅱ. Good Faith = 3
Part 2 : Formation = 3
A. Offer and Acceptance = 3
Ⅰ. Firm Offer = 3
Ⅱ. Medium of Acceptance = 5
Ⅲ. Acceptance by Performance = 5
Ⅳ. Battle of the Forms = 6
B. Defenses = 7
Ⅰ. Statute of Frauds = 7
Ⅱ. Unconscionability = 8
Ⅲ. Statute of Limitations = 8
C. Parol Evidence Rule = 8
D. Terms of the Contract = 9
E. Modification = 10
Part 3 : Performance of the Contract = 12
A. Performance by Seller = 12
Ⅰ. Shipment by Seller = 12
Ⅱ. Noncarrier Cases = 12
Ⅲ. Repudiation = 13
B. Performance by Buyer = 14
Ⅰ. Acceptance and Payment of Goods = 14
Ⅱ. Right of Inspection = 14
Part 4 : Remedies = 16
A. Seller's Prelitigation Remedies = 16
Ⅰ. Right to Withhold Delivery or Demand Cash Payment = 16
Ⅱ. Reclamation of Goods = 16
Ⅲ. Stoppage in Transit = 17
Ⅳ. Identifying Conforming Goods = 17
Ⅴ. Resale = 17
Ⅵ. Cancellation = 17
B. Buyer's Prelitigation Remedies = 18
Ⅰ. Sale of Goods to Recover = 18
Ⅱ. Cover = 18
Ⅲ. Recoupment = 19
C. Seller's Litigation Remedies = 19
Ⅰ. Action for Full Purchase Price = 19
Ⅱ. Action for Damages for Nonacceptance = 20
D. Buyer's Litigation Remedies = 22
Ⅰ. Possessory Actions = 22
Ⅱ. Action for Damages for Nondelivery = 23
E. Limitation of Remedies = 24
Ⅰ. Liquidated Damages Provision = 24
Ⅱ. Limitations on Damages = 25
Ⅲ. "Exclusive Remedy" Provision = 25
Part 5 : Warranties = 26
A. Warranty of Title = 26
B. Express Warranties = 26
Ⅰ. Statement of Fact or Promise = 26
Ⅱ. Basis of the Bargain = 27
C. Implied Warranties = 28
Ⅰ. Warranty of Merchantability = 28
Ⅱ. Implied Warranty of Fitness = 30
D. Disclaimer of Warranties = 30
Ⅰ. Disclaiming Express Warranties = 30
Ⅱ. Disclaiming Implied Warranties = 31
E. Remedies For Breach of Warranty = 31
Ⅰ. Before Acceptance = 31
Ⅱ. After Acceptance = 31
Further Reading = 33
Chapter Five
Law of Torts = 34
Part 1 : Law of Torts = 34
A. Intentional Torts = 34
Ⅰ. Intent = 34
Ⅱ. Battery = 36
Ⅲ. Assault = 41
Ⅳ. False Imprisonment = 46
Ⅴ. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress = 49
Ⅵ. Trespass = 52
Ⅶ. Trespass to Chattel and Conversion = 53
B. Defenses to Intentional Torts = 55
Ⅰ. Consent = 56
Ⅱ. Self Defense = 58
Ⅲ. Defense of Property = 59
Ⅳ. Recapture of Chattels = 61
B. Intentional Torts Regarding Dignitary Injury = 61
Ⅰ. Defamation = 61
Ⅱ. Invasion of Right to Privacy = 64
Part 2 : Negligence = 66
A. Duty of Care = 66
Ⅰ. Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co. = 66
Ⅱ. Custom = 68
Ⅲ. Statutory Standard of Care = 69
Ⅳ. The Relevance of Personal "Circumstances" = 70
Ⅴ. The Relevance of External Circumstances = 74
Ⅵ. Occupiers of Land = 75
Ⅶ. Breach-Res Ipsa Loquitur = 77
Ⅷ. Causation = 78
Ⅸ. Defenses = 80
Part 3 : Strict Liability = 83
A. Abnormal Dangerous Activities = 83
Ⅰ. The Old Concept = 84
Ⅱ. Later Developments = 84
B. Product Liability = 85
Ⅰ. General rule = 85
Ⅱ. Defective = 86
Ⅲ. Design Defects = 87
Ⅳ. Warning = 88
Further reading = 89
Chapter Six
Business Associations = 90
Part 1 : Doing Business = 90
Part 2 : Sole Proprietorship = 90
A. Beginning of Operation = 91
B. Ownership = 91
C. Continuity and Transferability = 91
Part 3 : Partnership = 92
A. "General" Partnership = 92
Ⅰ. Applicable Law = 92
Ⅱ. Formation = 93
Ⅲ. Relations Between Partners = 96
Ⅳ. Relations of Partners to Third Parties = 100
Ⅴ. Dissolution = 102
B. Limited Partnerships = 105
Ⅰ. Applicable Law = 105
Ⅱ. Two Types of Partners = 106
Ⅲ. Formation Requirements = 106
Ⅳ. Liability of Limited Partners = 107
Ⅴ. Rights of Limited Partners = 109
Ⅵ. Rights and Liabilities of a General Partner = 111
Ⅶ. Dissolution = 112
1. General Principles = 112
2. Distribution of Assets = 112
Part 4 : Law of Corporations = 113
A. General principles = 113
Ⅰ. Characterisation = 113
Ⅱ. Distinction Among Corporations = 114
Ⅲ. Applicable Law = 114
B. Organization = 115
Ⅰ. Purpose = 115
Ⅱ. Document of Incorporation = 115
Ⅲ. Bylaws = 116
C. Transactions by Promoters Before Incorporation = 118
Ⅰ. Basic Function of Promoters = 118
Ⅱ. Promoter's Liability = 118
Ⅲ. Liability of Corporation = 119
Ⅳ. Promoter's Fiduciary Obligations = 119
D. Defective Incorporation = 120
Ⅰ. Common law "de facto" Doctrine = 120
Ⅱ. Corporation by Estoppel = 120
E. Piercing the Corporate Veil = 120
Ⅰ. Traditional Test = 121
Ⅱ. Individual shareholders = 121
Ⅲ. Parent/Subsidiary = 124
Ⅳ. Brother/Sister("Enterprise Liability") = 125
F. Corporate Finance = 125
Ⅰ. Introduction = 125
Ⅱ. The Issuance of Common Shares = 125
Ⅲ. Issuance of More Than a Single Class of Shares = 127
G. Statutory Scheme of Management and Control = 127
H. Directors = 128
Ⅰ. Number and Changes = 128
Ⅱ. Meetings, Quorums and Notice = 129
Ⅲ. Compensation = 129
Ⅳ. Resignation and Removal = 129
Ⅴ. Filling of Vacancies = 130
Ⅵ. Decisions = 130
Ⅶ. Duties of Care and Loyalty = 130
Ⅷ. Liabilities and Suits Against Directors and Officers = 135
J. Officers = 138
Ⅰ. Statutory Designations of Corporate Officers = 138
Ⅱ. Authority of Officers in General = 139
Ⅲ. Duties of Officers = 139
Ⅳ. Liability = 140
Ⅴ. Tenure of Officers and Agents = 141
K. Shareholders' Rights and Powers = 142
Ⅰ. Rights in Management of Corporation = 143
Ⅱ. Shareholders' Meetings = 143
Ⅲ. Proxy Rules = 145
Ⅳ. Voting Rights = 145
Ⅴ. Class Voting = 147
Ⅵ. Voting Trusts = 147
Ⅶ. Dividends = 148
L. Resolution of Disputes = 151
Ⅰ. Dissension and Deadlock = 151
Ⅱ. Dissolution = 151
Part 5 : Limited Liability Company = 152
A. Purpose = 152
B. Formation = 153
Ⅰ. Contents of Articles = 153
Ⅱ. Publication = 154
Ⅲ. Management = 154
C. Liability of Members = 154
D. Sharing Profits and Losses = 154
E. Transfers of Interest = 154
F. Dissolution = 155
Further reading = 155
Chapter Seven
Procedural Questions = 156
Part 1 : Introduction = 156
Part 2 : Federal Courts = 156
A. Structure = 156
Ⅰ. Supreme Court = 156
Ⅱ. Trial Courts = 156
Ⅲ. Appellate Courts = 157
B. Judicial Process = 158
Ⅰ. An Adversarial System = 158
Ⅱ. Fees and Costs of Litigation = 158
Ⅲ. Procedural Rules for conduct of Litigation = 158
C. Civil Cases = 159
Ⅰ. Discovery = 159
Ⅱ. Alternative Dispute Resolution = 160
Ⅲ. Trial = 161
D. Criminal Cases = 162
Ⅰ. Pretrial Interrogation = 162
Ⅱ. Initial Appearance = 162
Ⅲ. Arraignment = 163
Ⅳ. Burden of Proof = 163
Ⅴ. Result of the Verdict : Not Guilty = 163
Ⅵ. Result of the Verdict : Guilty = 164
E. The Appeals Process = 164
Ⅰ. Trial Court Actions that are Reviewable = 164
Ⅱ. Grounds = 165
Ⅲ. Panel's Decision = 165
Ⅳ. Supreme Court = 166
Part 3 : The Jury = 167
A. Civil Trial Jury = 167
Ⅰ. Number of Jurors = 167
Ⅱ. Unanimity = 167
Ⅲ. Jury Selection = 168
B. Criminal Trial Jury = 169
C. Grand Jury = 169
Part 4 : Jurisdiction = 169
A. Personal Jurisdiction = 170
Ⅰ. In Personam Jurisdiction = 171
Ⅱ. In Rem Jurisdiction = 175
Ⅲ. Quasi in Rem Jurisdiction = 175
Ⅳ. Jurisdiction over Corporations = 177
1. Minimum Contacts = 177
2. Dealings With Residents of Forum State = 179
3. Product Liability = 179
4. Unreasonableness = 181
5. Class Action Plaintiffs = 181
C. Subject Matter Jurisdiction = 181
Ⅰ. State Courts = 181
Ⅱ. Federal Courts = 182
Ⅲ. Supplemental Jurisdiction = 184
D. Venue = 185
Ⅰ. State action = 185
Ⅱ. Venue in Federal Actions = 185
Part 5 : Class Action = 187
A. Introduction = 187
Ⅰ. Jurisdiction = 187
Ⅱ. Binding on absentees = 187
Ⅲ. Defendant class = 188
B. Prerequisites = 188
Ⅰ. Size = 188
Ⅱ. Typical claims = 188
Ⅲ. Fair representation = 188
C. Binding effect = 189
D. Attorneys' fees = 189
Ⅰ. Federal statute requires = 189
Further reading = 189
Vocabulary = 191
Index = 199
Chapter One Classification and sources of English law
Ⅰ. Introduction = 1
Ⅱ. The classification of English law = 2
1. Private law and public law = 2
2. Civil law and criminal law = 2
3. Common law and equity = 4
Ⅲ. The sources of English law = 5
1. Legislation = 6
a) The supremacy of Parliament = 6
b) The statutory process = 7
c) Delegated legislation = 8
d) The interpretation of statutes = 9
2. Judicial precedents = l2
a) Absolute binding effect = 13
b) Distinguishing, approving and overruling precedents = 17
(aa) Distinguishing precedents = 17
(bb) Approving precedents = 18
(cc) Overruling precedents = 18
3. Custom = 19
a) General custom and usage = 20
b) Local custom = 20
c) Conventional custom = 21
4. Books of authority = 22
Ⅳ. Further reading = 23
Chapter Two The administration of the law
Ⅰ. Common law and equity = 25
1. Historical background = 25
2. The Common law = 26
a) Itinerant justices = 26
b) The common law courts = 26
c) The System of writs = 28
3. Equity = 30
a) The term = 30
b) The principles of equity = 31
(aa) History = 31
(bb) Rules of equity = 33
4. Further development of common law and equity = 36
Ⅱ. The modern organisation of the royal courts = 36
1. The inferior courts = 39
a) The County Courts = 39
b) Magistrates' courts = 41
2. The Superior Courts = 41
a) The Supreme Court of Judicature = 41
(aa) The High Court of Justice = 41
(bb) The Crown Court = 44
(cc) The Court of Appeal = 45
(dd) The House of Lords = 46
3. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council = 47
Ⅲ. Further reading = 49
Chapter Three The legal profession
Ⅰ. History = 50
Ⅱ. Barristers = 54
1. Development = 54
2. The Inns of Court = 54
a) Origin = 54
b) Organisation = 55
3. Education = 56
4. Fields of Activities = 58
Ⅲ. Solicitors = 59
1. Fields of activities = 59
2. Organisation = 60
3. Education = 61
Ⅳ. Judges = 62
1. Appointment = 63
2. Salaries = 64
3. Immunity = 65
4. Dismissal = 65
5. Function = 67
Ⅴ. Other personnel of English law = 69
1. The Attorney-General and the Solicitor-General = 69
2. The Director of Public Prosecutions = 69
3. Magistrates = 69
Ⅵ. Further reading = 70
Chapter Four How to find the law
Ⅰ. Law reports = 71
1. Introduction = 71
2. Law reporting = 72
a) Pre-1865 Reports = 73
b) "The modern period" (since 1865) = 75
3. How to use law reports = 77
Ⅱ. Statutes = 80
1. Statute collections = 80
2. Methods of citation = 81
Ⅲ. Further reading = 82
Part Two: Specific branches of law
Chapter Five Persons in law
Ⅰ. Introduction = 83
Ⅱ. Natural persons = 84
1. Unborn persons = 84
2. Infants and minors = 84
a) Minority and majority = 84
b) Rights and liabilities of minors under the civil law = 85
(aa) Law of contract = 85
(bb) Law of torts = 85
(cc) Property rights = 86
(dd) Litigation right = 86
(ee) Marriage = 86
(ff) Wills = 86
c) Miscellaneous rights and liabilities of minors outside civil law = 86
(aa) Voting = 86
(bb) Criminal law = 86
(cc) Passports = 87
(dd) Driving = 87
(ee) "Enjoyments" (civil liberties) = 87
3. Persons of unsound mind = 89
4. Bankrupts = 91
5. Aliens = 92
Ⅲ. Juristic Persons = 92
1. Corporations = 93
a) Corporation sole = 93
b) Corporation aggregate = 93
c) Creation of corporations = 94
(aa) By Royal Charter = 94
(bb) By specific statute = 94
(cc) By registration under the Companies Acts = 94
d) Effect of incorporation = 95
2. Unincorporated associations = 98
3. Partnerships = 98
4. Differences between corporations and partnerships = 99
a) Personality = 99
b) Management = 99
c) Contractual capacity = 99
d) Liability = 99
e) Profit = 99
f) Members = 99
g) Termination or dissolution = 100
5. Conclusion = 101
Ⅳ. Further reading = 101
Chapter Six The law of contract
Ⅰ. Introduction = 102
Ⅱ. Historical background = 102
Ⅲ. Contracts requiring a specific form = 105
1. Contracts which must be in writing = 105
2. Contracts which must be evidenced in writing = 105
3. Contracts which must be made by deed = 106
Ⅳ. Formation of the contract and consideration = 107
1. Offer = 108
a) Range of offerees = 108
b) Distinction between offer and invitation to treat = 109
c) Formulation and communication of an offer = 111
(aa) Formulation = 111
(bb) Communication = 111
d) Termination of an offer = 112
e) Revocation of an offer = 113
2. Acceptance = 114
a) Absolute and unqualified acceptance = 114
b) Communication of acceptance = 115
c) Prescribed method of acceptance = 116
d) Offer and acceptance by use of post = 117
3. Consideration = 118
a) Consideration must not be past = 119
b) Consideration must move from the promisee = 120
c) Consideration must be real, but need not be adequate = 121
d) Deficiencies of the doctrine of consideration = 123
e) Equity: The rule of promissory estoppel = 126
4. Intention to create legal relations = 131
a) Family or "domestic" agreements = 132
b) Advertisement = 134
c) Commercial and business agrements = 135
Ⅴ. Capacity to contract = 137
1. Infants/Minors = 138
a) Binding contracts = 138
(aa) Contracts for necessaries = 139
(bb) Contracts for the minor's benefit = 140
b) Voidable contracts = 141
c) Void (unenforceable) contracts = 143
2. Persons of unsound mind and dunks = 143
3. Corporations = 145
a) Introduction = 145
b) Kinds of corporation = 145
(aa) Chartered corporations = 145
(bb) Statutory corporations = 145
(cc) Registered (limited) companies = 145
c) The doctrine of ultra vires = 146
Ⅵ. The contents of contracts = 149
1. Introduction = 149
2. Terms and representations = 149
3. The kinds of terms = 150
a) Express terms = 150
b) Implied terms = 154
(aa) Terms implied by statute = 156
(bb) Terms implied by common law = 156
(cc) Terms implied by custom = 157
c) Conditions, warranties and innominate terms = 158
(aa) Conditions = 158
(bb) Warranties = 159
(cc) Innominate terms = 160
4. Exemption (or exclusion) clauses = 162
a) Exemption clauses at common law = 163
b) Exemption clauses and fundamental breach of contract = 166
c) Exemption clauses under the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 = 168
(aa) Scope of the UCTA = 168
(bb) Clauses rendered ineffective by UCTA = 169
d) Exemption clauses and reasonableness = 170
e) The unfair terms in consumer contract regulations 1995 = 173
Ⅶ. Simple (formless) contracts with mistakes and misrepresentations = 174
1. Miscellaneous = 174
2. Void and voidable contracts = 174
a) Mistake = 175
(aa) Mistakes as to the subject-matter = 176
(bb) Mistakes as to the existence of the subject-matter = 176
(cc) Mistakes as to the nature of the contractual document = 176
(dd) Mistake as to the identity of the other party = 177
b) Misrepresentation = 179
(aa) Fraudulent misrepresentation = 180
(bb) Negligent misrepresentation = 180
(cc) Innocent misrepresentation = 181
(dd) Silence as misrepresentation = 182
3. Unenforceable contracts = 183
Ⅷ. Duress and undue influence = 184
1. Duress = 184
2. Undue influence = 186
Ⅸ. Illegality and public policy = 188
1. Contracts forbidden by statute = 188
2. Contracts illegal at common law = 189
a) Contracts to commit a crime or tort = 190
b) Contracts to corrupt public lift = 191
c) Immoral contracts = 191
d) Contracts tending to impede the administration of justice = 192
e) Contracts of trade with the enemy = 193
f) Contacts in restraint of trade = 193
(aa) Contracts of employment = 193
(bb) Contracts for the sale of a business = 194
(cc) Solus agreements = 195
Ⅹ. Discharge of a contract = 196
1. Performance = 196
2. Agreement = 199
a) Discharge by deed and accord and satisfaction = 200
b) Discharge where neither side has performed = 200
c) Discharge on occurrence of specific events = 200
3. Breach = 200
4. Frustration (or impossibility) = 201
XI. Remedies for breaches of contract = 203
1. Damages = 203
2. Injunction = 206
3. Specific Performance = 207
4. Rescission = 208
XII. Privity of contract = 209
1. General rule = 209
2. Exceptions = 213
a) Action by a beneficiary under a trust = 213
b) Certain insurance contracts = 213
c) Negotiable instruments = 214
d) Price-maintenance agreements = 214
e) Assignment = 215
XIII. Further reading = 216
Index = 219
Chapter Four
Sales = 1
Part 1 : Introduction = 1
A. Subject Matter of Article 2 = 1
Ⅰ. Sale = 1
Ⅱ. Goods = 1
Ⅲ. "Goods" attached to realty = 2
B. Definitions = 2
Ⅰ. Merchants = 2
Ⅱ. Good Faith = 3
Part 2 : Formation = 3
A. Offer and Acceptance = 3
Ⅰ. Firm Offer = 3
Ⅱ. Medium of Acceptance = 5
Ⅲ. Acceptance by Performance = 5
Ⅳ. Battle of the Forms = 6
B. Defenses = 7
Ⅰ. Statute of Frauds = 7
Ⅱ. Unconscionability = 8
Ⅲ. Statute of Limitations = 8
C. Parol Evidence Rule = 8
D. Terms of the Contract = 9
E. Modification = 10
Part 3 : Performance of the Contract = 12
A. Performance by Seller = 12
Ⅰ. Shipment by Seller = 12
Ⅱ. Noncarrier Cases = 12
Ⅲ. Repudiation = 13
B. Performance by Buyer = 14
Ⅰ. Acceptance and Payment of Goods = 14
Ⅱ. Right of Inspection = 14
Part 4 : Remedies = 16
A. Seller's Prelitigation Remedies = 16
Ⅰ. Right to Withhold Delivery or Demand Cash Payment = 16
Ⅱ. Reclamation of Goods = 16
Ⅲ. Stoppage in Transit = 17
Ⅳ. Identifying Conforming Goods = 17
Ⅴ. Resale = 17
Ⅵ. Cancellation = 17
B. Buyer's Prelitigation Remedies = 18
Ⅰ. Sale of Goods to Recover = 18
Ⅱ. Cover = 18
Ⅲ. Recoupment = 19
C. Seller's Litigation Remedies = 19
Ⅰ. Action for Full Purchase Price = 19
Ⅱ. Action for Damages for Nonacceptance = 20
D. Buyer's Litigation Remedies = 22
Ⅰ. Possessory Actions = 22
Ⅱ. Action for Damages for Nondelivery = 23
E. Limitation of Remedies = 24
Ⅰ. Liquidated Damages Provision = 24
Ⅱ. Limitations on Damages = 25
Ⅲ. "Exclusive Remedy" Provision = 25
Part 5 : Warranties = 26
A. Warranty of Title = 26
B. Express Warranties = 26
Ⅰ. Statement of Fact or Promise = 26
Ⅱ. Basis of the Bargain = 27
C. Implied Warranties = 28
Ⅰ. Warranty of Merchantability = 28
Ⅱ. Implied Warranty of Fitness = 30
D. Disclaimer of Warranties = 30
Ⅰ. Disclaiming Express Warranties = 30
Ⅱ. Disclaiming Implied Warranties = 31
E. Remedies For Breach of Warranty = 31
Ⅰ. Before Acceptance = 31
Ⅱ. After Acceptance = 31
Further Reading = 33
Chapter Five
Law of Torts = 34
Part 1 : Law of Torts = 34
A. Intentional Torts = 34
Ⅰ. Intent = 34
Ⅱ. Battery = 36
Ⅲ. Assault = 41
Ⅳ. False Imprisonment = 46
Ⅴ. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress = 49
Ⅵ. Trespass = 52
Ⅶ. Trespass to Chattel and Conversion = 53
B. Defenses to Intentional Torts = 55
Ⅰ. Consent = 56
Ⅱ. Self Defense = 58
Ⅲ. Defense of Property = 59
Ⅳ. Recapture of Chattels = 61
B. Intentional Torts Regarding Dignitary Injury = 61
Ⅰ. Defamation = 61
Ⅱ. Invasion of Right to Privacy = 64
Part 2 : Negligence = 66
A. Duty of Care = 66
Ⅰ. Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co. = 66
Ⅱ. Custom = 68
Ⅲ. Statutory Standard of Care = 69
Ⅳ. The Relevance of Personal "Circumstances" = 70
Ⅴ. The Relevance of External Circumstances = 74
Ⅵ. Occupiers of Land = 75
Ⅶ. Breach-Res Ipsa Loquitur = 77
Ⅷ. Causation = 78
Ⅸ. Defenses = 80
Part 3 : Strict Liability = 83
A. Abnormal Dangerous Activities = 83
Ⅰ. The Old Concept = 84
Ⅱ. Later Developments = 84
B. Product Liability = 85
Ⅰ. General rule = 85
Ⅱ. Defective = 86
Ⅲ. Design Defects = 87
Ⅳ. Warning = 88
Further reading = 89
Chapter Six
Business Associations = 90
Part 1 : Doing Business = 90
Part 2 : Sole Proprietorship = 90
A. Beginning of Operation = 91
B. Ownership = 91
C. Continuity and Transferability = 91
Part 3 : Partnership = 92
A. "General" Partnership = 92
Ⅰ. Applicable Law = 92
Ⅱ. Formation = 93
Ⅲ. Relations Between Partners = 96
Ⅳ. Relations of Partners to Third Parties = 100
Ⅴ. Dissolution = 102
B. Limited Partnerships = 105
Ⅰ. Applicable Law = 105
Ⅱ. Two Types of Partners = 106
Ⅲ. Formation Requirements = 106
Ⅳ. Liability of Limited Partners = 107
Ⅴ. Rights of Limited Partners = 109
Ⅵ. Rights and Liabilities of a General Partner = 111
Ⅶ. Dissolution = 112
1. General Principles = 112
2. Distribution of Assets = 112
Part 4 : Law of Corporations = 113
A. General principles = 113
Ⅰ. Characterisation = 113
Ⅱ. Distinction Among Corporations = 114
Ⅲ. Applicable Law = 114
B. Organization = 115
Ⅰ. Purpose = 115
Ⅱ. Document of Incorporation = 115
Ⅲ. Bylaws = 116
C. Transactions by Promoters Before Incorporation = 118
Ⅰ. Basic Function of Promoters = 118
Ⅱ. Promoter's Liability = 118
Ⅲ. Liability of Corporation = 119
Ⅳ. Promoter's Fiduciary Obligations = 119
D. Defective Incorporation = 120
Ⅰ. Common law "de facto" Doctrine = 120
Ⅱ. Corporation by Estoppel = 120
E. Piercing the Corporate Veil = 120
Ⅰ. Traditional Test = 121
Ⅱ. Individual shareholders = 121
Ⅲ. Parent/Subsidiary = 124
Ⅳ. Brother/Sister("Enterprise Liability") = 125
F. Corporate Finance = 125
Ⅰ. Introduction = 125
Ⅱ. The Issuance of Common Shares = 125
Ⅲ. Issuance of More Than a Single Class of Shares = 127
G. Statutory Scheme of Management and Control = 127
H. Directors = 128
Ⅰ. Number and Changes = 128
Ⅱ. Meetings, Quorums and Notice = 129
Ⅲ. Compensation = 129
Ⅳ. Resignation and Removal = 129
Ⅴ. Filling of Vacancies = 130
Ⅵ. Decisions = 130
Ⅶ. Duties of Care and Loyalty = 130
Ⅷ. Liabilities and Suits Against Directors and Officers = 135
J. Officers = 138
Ⅰ. Statutory Designations of Corporate Officers = 138
Ⅱ. Authority of Officers in General = 139
Ⅲ. Duties of Officers = 139
Ⅳ. Liability = 140
Ⅴ. Tenure of Officers and Agents = 141
K. Shareholders' Rights and Powers = 142
Ⅰ. Rights in Management of Corporation = 143
Ⅱ. Shareholders' Meetings = 143
Ⅲ. Proxy Rules = 145
Ⅳ. Voting Rights = 145
Ⅴ. Class Voting = 147
Ⅵ. Voting Trusts = 147
Ⅶ. Dividends = 148
L. Resolution of Disputes = 151
Ⅰ. Dissension and Deadlock = 151
Ⅱ. Dissolution = 151
Part 5 : Limited Liability Company = 152
A. Purpose = 152
B. Formation = 153
Ⅰ. Contents of Articles = 153
Ⅱ. Publication = 154
Ⅲ. Management = 154
C. Liability of Members = 154
D. Sharing Profits and Losses = 154
E. Transfers of Interest = 154
F. Dissolution = 155
Further reading = 155
Chapter Seven
Procedural Questions = 156
Part 1 : Introduction = 156
Part 2 : Federal Courts = 156
A. Structure = 156
Ⅰ. Supreme Court = 156
Ⅱ. Trial Courts = 156
Ⅲ. Appellate Courts = 157
B. Judicial Process = 158
Ⅰ. An Adversarial System = 158
Ⅱ. Fees and Costs of Litigation = 158
Ⅲ. Procedural Rules for conduct of Litigation = 158
C. Civil Cases = 159
Ⅰ. Discovery = 159
Ⅱ. Alternative Dispute Resolution = 160
Ⅲ. Trial = 161
D. Criminal Cases = 162
Ⅰ. Pretrial Interrogation = 162
Ⅱ. Initial Appearance = 162
Ⅲ. Arraignment = 163
Ⅳ. Burden of Proof = 163
Ⅴ. Result of the Verdict : Not Guilty = 163
Ⅵ. Result of the Verdict : Guilty = 164
E. The Appeals Process = 164
Ⅰ. Trial Court Actions that are Reviewable = 164
Ⅱ. Grounds = 165
Ⅲ. Panel's Decision = 165
Ⅳ. Supreme Court = 166
Part 3 : The Jury = 167
A. Civil Trial Jury = 167
Ⅰ. Number of Jurors = 167
Ⅱ. Unanimity = 167
Ⅲ. Jury Selection = 168
B. Criminal Trial Jury = 169
C. Grand Jury = 169
Part 4 : Jurisdiction = 169
A. Personal Jurisdiction = 170
Ⅰ. In Personam Jurisdiction = 171
Ⅱ. In Rem Jurisdiction = 175
Ⅲ. Quasi in Rem Jurisdiction = 175
Ⅳ. Jurisdiction over Corporations = 177
1. Minimum Contacts = 177
2. Dealings With Residents of Forum State = 179
3. Product Liability = 179
4. Unreasonableness = 181
5. Class Action Plaintiffs = 181
C. Subject Matter Jurisdiction = 181
Ⅰ. State Courts = 181
Ⅱ. Federal Courts = 182
Ⅲ. Supplemental Jurisdiction = 184
D. Venue = 185
Ⅰ. State action = 185
Ⅱ. Venue in Federal Actions = 185
Part 5 : Class Action = 187
A. Introduction = 187
Ⅰ. Jurisdiction = 187
Ⅱ. Binding on absentees = 187
Ⅲ. Defendant class = 188
B. Prerequisites = 188
Ⅰ. Size = 188
Ⅱ. Typical claims = 188
Ⅲ. Fair representation = 188
C. Binding effect = 189
D. Attorneys' fees = 189
Ⅰ. Federal statute requires = 189
Further reading = 189
Vocabulary = 191
Index = 199